Your ancestor's US naturalization records
When your ancestor became American is often the single fact that decides a citizenship-by-descent case. Here is where the records are and how to get them.
Where to look
- USCIS Genealogy Program: naturalization files from 1906 onwards, requested online through USCIS.
- National Archives (NARA): many federal court naturalization records, especially older ones.
- County and state courts: naturalizations handled by local courts may still be held locally.
- Census records: the 1900 to 1930 censuses asked about naturalization status and year, a good first clue.
Always use the official USCIS and NARA websites for current request forms, fees and processing times.
Why do naturalization records matter for citizenship by descent?
Many countries ask whether your ancestor became a citizen of another country, and when. For Poland, naturalizing abroad before 19 January 1951 could cause loss of Polish citizenship, with exceptions. For Greece and other countries the date can decide whether citizenship passed to the next generation.
Where are US naturalization records kept?
Older court naturalization records are often held by the National Archives (NARA) or local courts. Files created from 1906 onwards are generally held by USCIS and can be requested through its Genealogy Program. Check the official USCIS and NARA websites for current procedures and fees.
What if my ancestor never naturalized?
Some applications need proof that no naturalization record exists. USCIS can search its records and confirm when none is found, and courts or NARA can do the same for the records they hold.
Do these records need an apostille?
Federal records are authenticated by the US Department of State rather than a state Secretary of State. Requirements differ by country, so confirm what your consulate asks for before ordering.
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